Updated with ACPS response: School board alarmed by high number of students chronically absent at Hawthorne Middle/High School

Dr. Anntwanique Edwards speaks to the School Board on April 10, 2024

Editor’s note: Superintendent Shane Andrew apologized on April 16 for the inaccurate data presented during this workshop.

BY JENNIFER CABRERA

GAINESVILLE, Fla. – During their lengthy workshop on April 10, the School Board of Alachua County heard a report on attendance trends in district schools. Board members were alarmed at the high reported rates of chronic absenteeism at Hawthorne Middle/High School, and staff members were unable to provide answers to questions about why that school’s absenteeism rates are so far out of line with the other schools in the district.

The full presentation can be reviewed here.

Goal: 95% attendance

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The district’s goal is to have 95% attendance for SI (School Improvement) schools and each of the identified subgroups at the SI schools. However, the only elementary school reaching 95% is Hidden Oak, and Rawlings Elementary only averages 87.7% attendance. 

The only subgroups reaching 95% attendance at SI schools are Asian students at Alachua, Idylwild, and Williams; white students at Williams; and English Language Learners at Williams. 

None of the middle schools reach the 95% attendance goal; High Springs Community School is the highest at 93.74%, with Oak View close behind at 93.48%. 

The subgroups in middle school who reach 95% attendance are Asian students at Bishop, Ft. Clarke, Kanapaha, Lincoln, Mebane, Oakview, and Westwood; white students at Lincoln; and English Language Learners at Lincoln.

None of the high schools reach the 95% attendance goal; PAM @ Loften is highest at 93.57%. 

The subgroups in high school who reach 95% attendance are Asian students at Eastside, Buchholz, Gainesville, Newberry, and Loften; and English Language Learners at Eastside, Hawthorne, and Loften.

The overall average daily K-12 attendance numbers for this school year are similar to last year, but Edwards emphasized that when you’re comparing one year to another, you’re comparing different sets of students. 

Chronic absenteeism

Edwards played a video about chronic absenteeism from the organization Attendance Works. The voiceover said, “This isn’t simply a matter of kids skipping school; it’s an issue of equity. Students living in poverty, students of color, and those with disabilities are much more likely to be chronically absent from school, face more attendance barriers, and often lack the resources to make up for lost time in the classroom… The good news is that chronic school absence is solvable… The key is forging partnerships and avoiding blame.”

Chronically absent students are those who have an attendance percentage lower than 90%; it counts both excused and unexcused absences.

The district’s goal is to have fewer than 10% of students chronically absent, and 12 elementary schools do not meet that goal: Archer, Parker, Chiles, and Wiles are over 10% but under 12%; Alachua and Idylwild are around 15%; Shell, Williams, and Terwilliger are in the 20s; and Lake Forest, Rawlings, and Metcalfe have over 32% of students chronically absent.

Middle and high school rates of chronic absenteeism (there is a correction to this slide in the ACPS response below)

None of the middle schools meet the goal, but even so, Hawthorne is an outlier with 76% of 6th-8th graders chronically absent (see the chart at the top of this article). The rest are between 12% (Mebane) and 18% (Westwood). 

None of the high schools except Loften (6%) meet the goal; Hawthorne is again an outlier with almost 62% of high school students chronically absent. The rest range from 13% (Buchholz) to 20.5% (Eastside). 

The district has 1,624 students who are chronically absent in this school year.

District staff has no explanation for Hawthorne data

Member Tina Certain said the high chronic absenteeism in Hawthorne was “alarming” and asked what had been done to investigate the causes; Chief of Equity, Inclusion, and Community Engagement Anntwanique Edwards said she did “not know the answer right now.” She said the causes could be “transportation,… suspensions, it can be kids who are sick [or] skipping.”

Since all absences, including excused absences, count toward chronic absenteeism, Member Sarah Rockwell wondered whether the relatively large number of students on sports teams at a small school could affect those numbers. Edwards said that was “a good question.” Certain said she had looked at the district’s “Late bus” page, and “I didn’t see a lot of late buses for Hawthorne… We can eliminate that it’s not transportation-related.”

Edwards said it might be related to Hawthorne’s block schedule because students can complete their graduation requirements by the end of their junior year “and not show up in their fourth year because ‘I have 24 credits’ or ‘I only need to come to this one class.'” She added that there are also “quite a few” students with “behavioral concerns” at Hawthorne who “are missing a lot of time from school because of behavior.”

Family Liaison positions will sunset soon

The district has three employees who work on truancy, in addition to the Family Liaison positions, which are funded through ESSER, a source that will sunset soon. 

Member Kay Abbitt asked how many truancy proceedings the district is pursuing with parents because “it seems like if we only have a few cases in the works right now and we have all these kids that are chronically truant, we need to put more personnel on that.”

Chair Diyonne McGraw agreed and asked for a meeting next week to “see what they are doing.”  

Edwards said the Family Liaisons and attendance officers are “going out and knocking on doors” and providing backpacks with food for the kids, “making sure that we’re able to meet the mental health needs of families, being able to provide food – like all of these things that really aren’t even the primary role of a school district… And so, with a limited staff, we’re trying to make sure that we’re meeting the needs of the kids. in reality, our first and primary goals should really be the content areas of education, but we are getting kids who have all of these needs.”

Rockwell said the school-based teams need to look at why the students are absent and whether the absences are affecting their grades. She said that a football player, for example, might miss classes on game days but might be motivated to keep their grades up to stay on the team. 

Truancy proceedings

Edwards said the Student Attendance Review Board starts a truancy proceeding if a student misses more than five days in a 30-day period; staff members can call the home, and Truancy Officers or School Resource Officers can visit the home. Educational Planning Teams from the district meet with the families to develop a plan, and there is now a virtual option for meetings; teams have held 40 meetings this year with families. Students with 15 or more unexcused absences in a period of 90 calendar days are legally truant. 

Edwards said that in a recent survey of principals, 85% said that Family Liaisons are making a difference; 73% of them would like the Family Liaisons to continue to work over the summer (the position is ending at the end of the school year), but 97% said they have no funding source to pay the Family Liaison.

“Stay in the Game” attendance pep rallies

Edwards said that thanks to support from the Gainesville Chamber of Commerce Foundation, Metcalfe and Terwilliger elementary schools have joined the “Stay in the Game” attendance initiative. Monthly pep rallies reward the classes with the best attendance with prizes like pizza, Kona ice cream sandwiches, and Krispy Kreme donuts. Edwards said the program inspires children to come to school more often and on time. Terwilliger’s Principal said, “We have noticed students valuing attendance more since the pep rallies.”

ACPS Response

After this article was published, ACPS Public Information Officer Jackie Johnson sent the following information, which was not available at the workshop:

“First and foremost, a correction. In the chart presented at the workshop, the number of chronically absent students for both Hawthorne Middle and Hawthorne High was 159. That is (or was) correct for the entire school, but not for each of the middle and high school populations. In other words, chronically absent high school students were included in Hawthorne’s middle school count and vice versa. Not clarifying that was an error on our part.

“Also, it’s critical to note that the full count includes both active and inactive students. As of today, 140 TOTAL students at Hawthorne are listed as chronically absent. (Because it’s based on a percentage of school days missed, the chronically absent number changes daily). However, this includes 25 students who are no longer at Hawthorne Middle/High. At some point since August, they left the school and enrolled in another school, either in or out of the district or even in another state. That leaves 115 chronically absent students who are actually still students at Hawthorne Middle/High—44 in the middle school, 71 in the high school.

“But even that number doesn’t give a full picture of what’s really happening.

“For example, Hawthorne had a student who was enrolled at the beginning of the school year, attended for one week, then moved to another county. But because the student wasn’t enrolled by their family in a school there, the student still shows up on the list of Hawthorne’s active and chronically absent students. We can’t remove that student until they are enrolled in another school.

“Another example: There was a student who was formally enrolled, but it took a while for the family to make the transition so the student could actually start attending. That student is also counted as active and chronically absent.

“As you correctly pointed out in your article, the chronic absenteeism figure includes both excused and unexcused absences. Excused absences can be for illnesses (including chronic illnesses and students participating in the district’s Hospital/Homebound program), other absences authorized by the parents, and absences for extracurricular activities, such as sports and academic competitions.

“For example: Members of the girls’ state championship basketball team missed a day of school in March to play in the semifinals in Lakeland. The boy’s state championship football team missed two days of school in December to play in the state championship. Also, there are students in the school’s FFA program who have missed up to seven, eight, even ten days of school to compete in various agricultural competitions this year. That means that even if they have perfect attendance on all other days, they are still well on their way to being considered chronically absent.

“There are many other students at Hawthorne and at schools throughout the district who have similar stories behind their absences. But at a school like Hawthorne, with a total of just 466 middle and high school students, every one of those students and absences has an outsize influence on the attendance rates compared to a school like Buchholz, which has more than 2400 students just in grades 9-12.

“The school reviews all absences, including those of students listed as chronically absent. The school has put in place attendance incentives, including competitions that promote peer accountability. There is constant communication with students and families about the importance of regular attendance. The school’s outstanding family liaison, who has been at Hawthorne Middle/High for just over a year, spends much of her time talking with parents, visiting them at home and implementing other strategies. That may be something as simple as making it easier for parents to report their child’s absence as excused.

“As you noted, the issue of transportation did come up during the workshop. According to the Hawthorne family liaison, many absences during the first semester of this school year were related to bus issues. But she says that since the district revamped its transportation system in January, there are far fewer absences due to a lack of busing. 

“As Dr. Edwards pointed out, absenteeism is a problem locally, statewide, and nationally, and there is always more work that needs to be done to make sure students are in school regularly. But it’s important for everyone to understand what the numbers really mean to be able to tackle the problem effectively.”

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